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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Chitosan-oligosaccharides (COS) exhibit lipid-lowering effects and promote reverse cholesterol transport (RCT).
  • COS shows potential as an atheroprotective material.
  • Atherosclerosis (AS) is a significant cardiovascular disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of COS treatment on atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E deficient (apoE-/-) mice.
  • To explore the underlying mechanisms of COS's potential atheroprotective action.

Main Methods:

  • Administration of COS or vehicle via gastric gavage to apoE-/- mice on a high-fat (HF) diet for 12 weeks.
  • Assessment of atherosclerosis, plaque stability, and molecular mechanisms.
  • Control experiments in LDL-R deficient and wild-type mice.

Main Results:

  • COS treatment significantly reduced non-high density lipoprotein (non-HDL) cholesterol and triglycerides.
  • COS decreased aortic lesion areas and increased plaque stability in apoE-/- mice.
  • Enhanced expression of hepatic LDL-R, SR-BI, and macrophage ABCA1 was observed.

Conclusions:

  • COS treatment attenuates atherosclerosis and lowers plasma non-HDL levels in apoE-/- mice.
  • The atheroprotective mechanism involves enhanced expression of hepatic LDL-R and SR-BI, and macrophage ABCA1.
  • COS demonstrates potential as a therapeutic agent for atherosclerosis.