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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Author Spotlight: Developing Low-Tech Balance Assessment Methods for Broad-Spectrum Healthcare Applications
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Are practice trials required for hop tests?

Chandramouli Krishnan1

  • 1Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Gait & Posture
|April 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Practice trials in single-leg hop tests improve raw hop distance but do not significantly alter hop indices. Minimizing practice trials can enhance efficiency for assessments focusing on side-to-side hop distance ratios.

Keywords:
Hop indexKnee surgeryLower extremityOne leg hopPerformance-based measures

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Rehabilitation Science
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Single-leg hop tests are crucial for assessing functional recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.
  • The impact of practice trials on the reliability and validity of hop test performance remains unclear.
  • Standard protocols often include practice trials, but their necessity and effect on key performance metrics are not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of practice trials on single-leg hop performance in individuals with ACL reconstruction and healthy controls.
  • To determine if practice trials affect raw hop distance and side-to-side hop distance ratios.
  • To evaluate the correlation and agreement between practice and test trial performance.

Main Methods:

  • A marker-based kinematic tracking approach was employed to analyze hop performance.
  • Thirteen subjects with ACL reconstruction and thirteen healthy controls participated.
  • Each participant performed three practice and five test trials of the single hop for distance test on both legs.

Main Results:

  • Significant improvements in mean hop distance were observed between practice and test trials (P<0.05).
  • No significant differences were found in side-to-side hop distance ratios between practice and test trials (P>0.05).
  • High correlations (P<0.01) and very good agreement (ρc=0.88-0.98) were found between practice and test trial scores.

Conclusions:

  • While raw hop distance improves with practice, this effect is inconsequential on the side-to-side hop distance ratios.
  • Practice trials may be minimized or omitted when the primary outcome is the hop index, improving testing efficiency.
  • These findings support optimizing clinical and research protocols for single-leg hop assessments, particularly for ACL rehabilitation monitoring.