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Updated: Apr 15, 2026

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Interparental Relationship Sensitivity Leads to Adolescent Internalizing Problems: Different Genotypes, Different

Gabriel L Schlomer1, Gregory M Fosco1, H H Cleveland1

  • 1The Pennsylvania State University.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adolescents with the DRD4 7+ genotype are more influenced by positive parental relationships than conflict. Both genotypes show that higher threat appraisals correlate with increased internalizing problems.

Keywords:
adolescent development/outcomesinterparental conflictmental healthpath analysissociobiologysystems theory

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Adolescent Adjustment

Background:

  • Child interparental conflict evaluations are linked to parent relationship functioning and adolescent adjustment.
  • Differential susceptibility theory explains how genetic variations influence responses to environmental factors.
  • The DRD4 gene's 7-repeat variant is associated with differential susceptibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how interparental conflict and positivity differentially affect threat appraisals in adolescents based on DRD4 7-repeat genotype.
  • To examine the subsequent impact of these threat appraisals on internalizing problems.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal multiple-group path models were used with data from the PROSPER study (N=452).
  • Adolescents were categorized by DRD4 7-repeat genotype (7+ vs. 7-).
  • Perceptions of interparental conflict and positivity were assessed, along with threat appraisals and internalizing problems.

Main Results:

  • Adolescents with the DRD4 7+ genotype showed threat appraisals more influenced by interparental positivity than negativity.
  • Conversely, DRD4 7+ adolescents' threat appraisals were less affected by interparental conflict.
  • Among DRD4 7- adolescents, interparental conflict perceptions were linked to higher threat appraisals, with no positivity association.
  • Higher threat appraisals were associated with increased internalizing problems in both genotypes.

Conclusions:

  • The DRD4 7-repeat genotype moderates the impact of interparental relationship quality on adolescent threat appraisals.
  • Adolescent's perception of interparental dynamics significantly influences their psychological adjustment, with genetic factors playing a role.
  • Intervention strategies may need to consider genetic predispositions when addressing adolescent internalizing problems stemming from family conflict.