Management of diabetic nephropathy: Recent progress and future perspective

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Endocrinology
• Diabetology

Background:

• Diabetic nephropathy (DN) affects 20-30% of diabetics, leading to end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and increased cardiovascular mortality.
• DN results from genetic and environmental factors, with hyperglycemia, hypertension, and lipids as key risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pathogenesis, progression, and management of diabetic nephropathy.
• To explore novel therapeutic agents and future directions for DN prevention.

Main Methods:

• This is a review article.
• It synthesizes existing knowledge on DN pathogenesis and treatment.

Main Results:

• Established interventions like glycemic control, blood pressure management, and RAAS blockade slow DN progression.
• Despite these, ESRD incidence remains high, necessitating further research.

Conclusions:

• DN treatment remains challenging, requiring optimization of current therapies.
• Novel agents targeting pathways such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and vitamin D receptors show promise for future DN management and prevention.