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Related Concept Videos

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

8.2K
Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

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Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

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Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
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Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Patch Clamp Recordings on Intact Dorsal Root Ganglia from Adult Rats
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Sodium channels and pain.

Abdella M Habib1, John N Wood, James J Cox

  • 1Molecular Nociception Group, Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.

Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology
|April 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Genetic studies reveal voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav1.7, Nav1.8, Nav1.9, Nav1.3) are key in pain pathways. Research on knockout mice and human disorders informs the development of Nav1.7 inhibitors for pain treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Voltage-gated sodium channels (Nav channels) play a critical role in neuronal excitability and pain signaling.
  • Specific Nav channel subtypes, including Nav1.7, Nav1.8, Nav1.9, and Nav1.3, are implicated in human pain perception and disorders.
  • Understanding these channels is crucial for developing effective pain therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of specific Nav channel subtypes (Nav1.7, Nav1.8, Nav1.9, Nav1.3) in pain pathways.
  • To summarize insights from genetic studies, particularly knockout mouse models, on pain behavior.
  • To outline human genetic disorders linked to these channels and discuss therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of global and conditional transgenic Nav knockout mice to assess pain behavior.

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  • Review of human genetic studies identifying mutations in Nav channels associated with pain disorders.
  • Synthesis of current research on selective Nav1.7 inhibitors for pain management.

    • Main Results:

    • Genetic studies in mice and humans have elucidated the specific functions of Nav1.7, Nav1.8, Nav1.9, and Nav1.3 in pain pathways.
    • Knockout mouse models provide valuable data on the contribution of these channels to pain behaviors.
    • Mutations in these Nav channels are linked to a spectrum of human pain disorders.

    Conclusions:

    • Nav channels are essential targets for pain research and therapeutic development.
    • Nav1.7, in particular, is a promising target for novel pain treatments.
    • Continued research into Nav channel genetics and pharmacology is vital for advancing pain management strategies.