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Patterned Carboxylation of Graphene Using Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Kristian Torbensen1, Mikkel Kongsfelt2, Kyoko Shimizu2
1†Physicochimie des Electrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux (PHENIX), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.
Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|April 8, 2015
Summary
Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) enables precise local carboxylation of multilayered graphene on nickel using carbon dioxide. This method controls pattern size and modification degree, offering a versatile surface functionalization technique.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Electrochemistry
- Surface Chemistry
Background:
- Multilayered graphene on nickel is a promising material for various applications.
- Precise surface modification is crucial for tailoring graphene's properties.
- Existing carboxylation methods may lack spatial control or efficiency.
Purpose of the Study:
- To demonstrate a simple, direct, and versatile SECM approach for local carboxylation of multilayered graphene on nickel.
- To establish control over spatial dimensions and degree of carboxylation.
- To investigate the extent of supporting electrolyte intercalation during the process.
Main Methods:
- Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (SECM) for spatially controlled carboxylation.
- Reductive conditions in N,N-dimethylformamide with carbon dioxide as the carboxylation agent.
- Electrochemical measurements, 2D X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy mapping, and He ion microscopy for characterization.
Main Results:
- SECM allowed precise control over carboxylation pattern size, governed by the SECM tip dimensions.
- The degree of surface modification (carboxylate group coverage) was controlled by electrolysis time.
- Supporting electrolyte intercalation was found to be minimal compared to previous methods.
Conclusions:
- SECM offers a versatile and controlled method for the local carboxylation of multilayered graphene on nickel.
- The technique allows for tunable surface functionalization with potential applications in advanced materials.
- The low intercalation observed suggests improved process selectivity and material integrity.
