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Related Concept Videos

Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and...
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Notch Signaling Pathway03:14

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The Notch signaling pathway is a major intracellular signaling pathway that is highly conserved over a broad spectrum of metazoan species. It stands unique from other intracellular signaling mechanisms in animals because notch protein itself acts as the receptor as well as the primary signaling molecule.
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The Hedgehog gene (Hh) was first discovered due to its control of the growth of disorganized, hair-like bristles phenotype in Drosophila, much like hedgehog spines. Hh plays a crucial role in the development of organs and the maintenance of homeostasis in both invertebrates and vertebrates. However, while Drosophila has only one Hh protein, mammals have multiple functional Hedgehog proteins - Sonic (Shh), Desert (Dhh), and Indian Hedgehog (Ihh). All of these homologous proteins have adapted to...
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Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Isolation of Whole Cell Protein Lysates from Mouse Facial Processes and Cultured Palatal Mesenchyme Cells for Phosphoprotein Analysis
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Lysophosphatidic acid signalling in development.

Xiaoyan Sheng1, Yun C Yung1, Allison Chen1

  • 1Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience Department, Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|April 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive lipid crucial for development. This review covers LPA signaling

Keywords:
AdhesionChemotaxisDifferentiationGPCRLysophospholipidMigrationProgenitorProliferationSurvivalTrafficking

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a ubiquitous bioactive phospholipid.
  • LPA mediates essential cellular functions including survival, proliferation, and migration.
  • LPA signaling impacts organismal development, reproduction, and organogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the developmental roles of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling.
  • To highlight LPA's influence on key developmental processes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of LPA signaling in development.
  • Analysis of LPA's impact on fertility, neurogenesis, and vascular development.

Main Results:

  • LPA signaling is integral to embryonic development.
  • Specific roles of LPA in reproductive system formation, nervous system development, and vasculature formation are discussed.
  • LPA influences cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, migration, adhesion, and morphology during development.

Conclusions:

  • LPA signaling is a critical regulator of multiple developmental processes.
  • Understanding LPA's role is key to comprehending normal development and potential developmental disorders.