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Updated: Apr 15, 2026
Preparation and Characterization of Nanoliposomes for the Entrapment of Bioactive Hydrophilic Globular Proteins
Published on: August 31, 2019
Formulation, characterization, and geno/cytotoxicity studies of galbanic acid-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles
Morteza Eskandani1, Jaleh Barar, Jafar Ezzati Nazhad Dolatabadi
1Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran .
Context:
Galbanic acid (GBA) is a sesquiterpene coumarin with different medicinal properties and anticancer effects.
Objective:
To improve the anticancer activities of GBA, in the current study, we aimed to fabricate GBA-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (GBA-SLNs) and study their biological activities in vitro.
Materials And Methods:
Hot homogenization was used for preparation of GBA-SLNs. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL) and in vitro release were determined. MTT, DAPI, DNA fragmentation, comet, and Anexin V apoptosis assays were used to compare the anti-cell proliferation and genotoxicity properties of GBA and GBA-SLNs against A549 cells and HUVEC to detect apoptosis and DNA damage in the final concentration of 100 µM after 48 h treatment.
Results:
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and particle size analysis showed spherical SLNs (92 nm), monodispersed distribution, and zeta potential of -23.39 mV. High EE (>98%) and long-term in vitro release were achieved. The stability of GBA-SLNs in aqueous medium was approved after 3 months in terms of size and polydispersity index. GBA was able to inhibit A549 growth with an IC50 value of 62 µM at 48 h. Although GBA-SLNs could also inhibit the growth rate of A549 cells, the effect is perceived after 48 h, as approved by the quantitative expression of Bcl-xL and Casp 9 genes, and also genotoxicity assays.
Conclusion:
Long-term apoptotic effect of GBA-SLNs compared with GBA may be due to the accumulation of GBA-SLNs in the tumor site because of deviant tumor pathology. Our data confirmed that SLNs could be exploited for sustained lipophilic GBA delivery.
