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Direct cardiac reprogramming: progress and challenges in basic biology and clinical applications.

Taketaro Sadahiro1, Shinya Yamanaka1, Masaki Ieda2

  • 1From the Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan Science and Technology CREST, Tokyo, Japan (T.S., M.I.); Japan Science and Technology CREST, Tokyo, Japan (M.I.); Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (S.Y.); and Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, San Francisco, CA (S.Y.).

Circulation Research
|April 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Direct reprogramming converts cells without a stem cell stage, offering potential for cardiac repair. Challenges remain in efficiency and understanding this regenerative medicine technique.

Keywords:
fibroblastsinduced pluripotent stem cellsmyocytes, cardiac

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Area of Science:

  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Cell Biology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) revolutionized regenerative medicine.
  • Direct reprogramming bypasses stem cell stages for cell conversion.
  • Somatic cell plasticity is influenced by multiple factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Review progress in direct reprogramming for regenerative medicine.
  • Discuss challenges and perspectives in cardiac reprogramming.
  • Highlight factors influencing cardiac cell induction efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Overexpression of lineage-specific factors.
  • Direct conversion of fibroblasts to various cell types (neurons, cardiomyocytes, etc.).
  • In vivo cardiac reprogramming of fibroblasts to cardiomyocyte-like cells.

Main Results:

  • Direct reprogramming yields diverse cell types, including cardiomyocyte-like cells.
  • In vivo cardiac reprogramming shows potential for repairing infarcted hearts.
  • Low efficiency of functional induced cardiomyocyte-like cells is a major challenge.

Conclusions:

  • Direct reprogramming is a promising, albeit nascent, technology for basic biology and clinical applications.
  • Understanding factors affecting cardiac reprogramming efficiency is crucial.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in cardiac regeneration.