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Chemical Ionization (CI) Mass Spectrometry01:21

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The molecular ion peak of a molecule in the mass spectrum provides vital information for molecular identification. However, conventional electron impact ionization can lead to the rapid dissociation of some molecular ions before they reach the detector. A milder ionization method is required to increase the lifetime of such ionized analyte molecules. Chemical ionization (CI) is a gas-phase protonation reaction useful for mass-analyzing analyte molecules that are easily protonated to yield the...
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The ionization of a molecule into a molecular ion inside the mass spectrometer causes instability in the molecule's structure due to the loss of an electron. This eventually leads to the fragmentation or breaking of some bonds in the molecule. The fragmentation occurs predominantly at specific bonds to yield relatively stable fragments.
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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
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Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...
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Efficient autoionization following intense laser-cluster interactions.

B Schütte1,2, J Lahl3, T Oelze3

  • 1Max-Born-Institut, Max-Born-Strasse 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany.

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|April 11, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoionization plays a key role in intense laser pulse interactions with molecular oxygen clusters. Superexcited states populate during cluster expansion, with autoionization observed on a nanosecond timescale.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Laser-Matter Interactions
  • Cluster Physics

Background:

  • Electron emission from clusters interacting with intense laser pulses is typically explained by direct and evaporative ionization.
  • The role of autoionization in such processes has not been fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the contribution of autoionization to intense field ionization in molecular oxygen clusters.
  • To characterize the timescale and mechanisms of electron emission from laser-excited molecular oxygen clusters.

Main Methods:

  • Irradiation of molecular oxygen clusters with intense laser pulses.
  • Detection and analysis of emitted electrons.
  • Time-resolved spectroscopy to observe decay processes.

Main Results:

  • Evidence for a significant role of autoionization in the intense field ionization of molecular oxygen clusters.
  • Observation of superexcited state population during cluster expansion.
  • Autoionization decay observed on a nanosecond (ns) timescale.

Conclusions:

  • Autoionization is a crucial, previously underestimated, mechanism in the intense field ionization of molecular oxygen clusters.
  • Superexcited states formed during cluster expansion are key intermediates.
  • Electron energy exchange within the cluster environment obscures faster decay dynamics (femtosecond to picosecond).