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Low-Level Fluoride Exposure Increases Insulin Sensitivity in Experimental Diabetes.
J G V M Lobo1, A L Leite2, H A B S Pereira3
1Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil.
Journal of Dental Research
|April 12, 2015
Summary
Chronic fluoride exposure may improve glucose control in diabetic rats by affecting insulin levels and protein expression. Further research is needed to understand these effects on glucose homeostasis.
Area of Science:
- Biochemistry
- Endocrinology
- Toxicology
Background:
- Fluoride is a common environmental contaminant.
- Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glucose homeostasis.
- The impact of chronic fluoride exposure on glucose metabolism is not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the effects of chronic fluoride (F) exposure via drinking water on glucose homeostasis parameters in diabetic and nondiabetic Wistar rats.
- To identify potential molecular mechanisms underlying fluoride's effects on glucose metabolism.
Main Methods:
- Wistar rats were divided into diabetic (D) and nondiabetic (ND) groups, with subgroups receiving 0, 10, or 50 mg F/L in drinking water for 22 days.
- Plasma and liver samples were analyzed for glucose and insulin levels, insulin sensitivity (K(ITT)), and insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR).
- Proteomic analysis and Gene Ontology enrichment were performed to identify differentially expressed proteins and biological pathways.
Main Results:
- In nondiabetic rats, fluoride exposure did not alter glucose homeostasis parameters.
- In diabetic rats, fluoride exposure led to significantly lower insulinemia without affecting glycemia (increased %S).
- Proteomic analysis revealed differential protein expression in response to fluoride, with pathways related to organic acid and carboxylic acid metabolism being prominent. Proteins interacting with GLUT4 were identified, including ERj3p.
Conclusions:
- Fluoride exposure may enhance glucose homeostasis in diabetic rats, potentially by modulating insulin levels and specific protein expressions.
- The findings suggest that fluoride's effects on glucose metabolism in diabetes involve alterations in organic acid metabolism and interactions with glucose transporters like GLUT4.
- Further studies are warranted to elucidate the precise biological mechanisms and therapeutic potential of fluoride in managing diabetes.
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