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Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

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The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the...

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Updated: Apr 15, 2026

Electrospinning of Photocatalytic Electrodes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

Electrospinning of Photocatalytic Electrodes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells

Published on: June 28, 2017

Aqueous dye-sensitized solar cells.

Federico Bella¹, Claudio Gerbaldi, Claudia Barolo

¹GAME Lab, CHENERGY Group, Department of Applied Science and Technology - DISAT, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy. federico.bella@polito.it.

Chemical Society Reviews

|April 14, 2015

Summary

Water

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Renewable Energy

Background:

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are extensively researched for low-cost solar energy conversion.
Water presence in DSSCs has historically been considered detrimental, impacting performance.
Recent research shifts focus to understanding and utilizing water's role in DSSCs.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically analyze the dual role of water in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
To explore the potential of water as a key component for successful DSSC operation.
To review advancements in water-based electrolytes and materials for DSSCs.

Main Methods:

Comprehensive literature review of phenomena in aqueous environments within DSSCs.
Analysis of research trends and published articles on water-based DSSCs.

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Evaluation of novel materials and components for water-based DSSC fabrication.

Main Results:

Water's role in DSSCs is complex, acting as both a potential inhibitor and a crucial element.
Water-based electrolytes offer significant advantages: reduced cost, non-flammability, and improved environmental compatibility.
Continuous development of new electrodes, dyes, and electrolyte components for truly water-based DSSCs.

Conclusions:

Water can be a key to success in DSSCs, not just a poisoner.
The shift towards water-based DSSCs represents a significant advancement for widespread market adoption.
Further materials science innovation is crucial for realizing efficient and stable water-based DSSCs.