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    Researchers created Ytterbium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Yb:YAG) beam-splitters using femtosecond lasers. These novel devices enable efficient laser emission with variable splitting ratios, achieving high output powers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Laser Technology
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Integrated optical devices are crucial for advanced laser systems.
    • Waveguide fabrication techniques are continuously evolving for enhanced functionality.
    • Yb:YAG is a well-established gain medium for high-power lasers.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To demonstrate laser emission from Yb:YAG beam-splitters fabricated by direct femtosecond-laser inscription.
    • To investigate the performance of these integrated beam-splitter lasers.
    • To explore the tunability of the splitting ratio through multi-mode interference.

    Main Methods:

    • Direct femtosecond-laser inscription was used to fabricate Yb:YAG beam-splitters.
    • The devices featured s-curved waveguides with a multi-mode interference (MMI) section.
    • Laser output power and slope efficiency were measured under varying incoupling conditions.

    Main Results:

    • Laser emission was successfully achieved from the fabricated Yb:YAG beam-splitters.
    • Maximum laser output power reached 2.29 W with a slope efficiency of 52%.
    • The splitting ratio was found to be variable due to the MMI section.

    Conclusions:

    • Direct femtosecond-laser inscription is a viable method for creating integrated Yb:YAG beam-splitter lasers.
    • These devices offer efficient laser emission and controllable beam splitting.
    • The fabricated beam-splitters demonstrate potential for compact and versatile laser sources.