Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

1.3K
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
1.3K
Working Memory01:24

Working Memory

1.3K
Working memory refers to a combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow an individual to hold information temporarily as we perform cognitive tasks. It is an essential cognitive function that enables the execution of complex tasks such as problem-solving, comprehension, and reasoning. Unlike short-term memory, which simply involves the storage of information for a brief period, working memory involves the active manipulation and processing of this...
1.3K
Aging01:26

Aging

1.1K
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
1.1K
Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

910
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
910
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

339
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
339
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

1.5K
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The individuality of single-frame functional brain connectivity.

Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
Same author

Poorer Physical Function Is Associated With Elevated Spatial Entropy in the Aging Brain Network Landscape.

Aging cell·2026
Same author

Spatial Entropy of Brain Network Landscapes: A Novel Method to Assess Spatial Disorder in Brain Networks.

Human brain mapping·2026
Same author

The Effects of Mindfulness on Brain Network Dynamics Following an Acute Stressor in a Population of Drinking Adults.

Brain sciences·2026
Same author

Introducing Structural Reliance: A New Method to Assess Structure-Function Coupling in the Brain.

Human brain mapping·2026
Same author

Neural compensation in persons with HIV and marijuana use: Insights from a reorganized DMN.

Network neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.6K

Changes in brain network efficiency and working memory performance in aging.

Matthew L Stanley1, Sean L Simpson2, Dale Dagenbach3

  • 1Laboratory for Complex Brain Networks, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States of America.

Plos One
|April 16, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brain network efficiency predicts working memory performance across ages. Local efficiency decreases correlate with better performance, while global efficiency

More Related Videos

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

5.4K
Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
10:13

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

14.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 14, 2026

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance
09:01

A Method for Investigating Age-related Differences in the Functional Connectivity of Cognitive Control Networks Associated with Dimensional Change Card Sort Performance

Published on: May 7, 2014

10.6K
Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

5.4K
Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
10:13

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach

Published on: February 14, 2014

14.3K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Brain Network Analysis

Background:

  • Working memory involves temporary information storage and active processing.
  • Individual differences in working memory performance are significant.
  • Age impacts cognitive functions, including working memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between brain network efficiency and working memory performance.
  • To determine if local and global efficiency predict working memory variability in young and older adults.
  • To explore age-related differences in brain network efficiency during working memory tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Functional connectivity brain network metrics were used to quantify local and global efficiency.
  • Participants completed an n-back task to assess working memory performance.
  • Analysis included both young (n=14) and older (n=15) adult cohorts.

Main Results:

  • Individual differences in local and global efficiency during the task predicted working memory performance.
  • Decreased local efficiency was linked to better performance in both age groups.
  • Increased global efficiency benefited young adults but slightly impaired older adults' performance.

Conclusions:

  • Brain network efficiency, particularly local and global efficiency, is crucial for working memory performance.
  • Age interacts with global efficiency, influencing working memory differently in young and older adults.
  • Task-related changes in local efficiency, but not global efficiency, were observed in brain networks.