Histamine (Scombroid) Fish Poisoning: a Comprehensive Review.

Area of Science:

• Food Science
• Toxicology
• Public Health

Background:

• Histamine fish poisoning, or scombroid poisoning, is the leading cause of ichythyotoxicosis globally.
• It stems from consuming fish with high histamine levels, often from Scombroidae and Scomberesocidae families.
• Symptoms mimic allergic reactions and are frequently misdiagnosed as fish allergy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, evaluation, and treatment of scombroid disease.
• To highlight the link between scombroid poisoning and the global fish trade.
• To emphasize the need for increased awareness and international safety standards.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scombroid poisoning.
• Analysis of epidemiological data and global fish trade.
• Discussion of diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

• Scombroid poisoning is underrecognized despite its prevalence.
• The global fish trade significantly influences disease distribution.
• Effective prevention requires collaboration among various stakeholders.

Conclusions:

• Scombroid poisoning is a significant public health concern linked to international food trade.
• Enhanced collaboration and safety standards are crucial for prevention.
• Addressing scombroid poisoning has broader implications for food safety.