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Combustion Energy: A Measure of Stability in Alkanes and Cycloalkanes02:14

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The low reactivity in alkanes can be attributed to the non-polar nature of C–C and C–H σ bonds. Alkanes, therefore, were  initially termed as “paraffins,” derived from the Latin words: parum, meaning “too little,” and affinis, meaning “affinity.”
Alkanes undergo combustion in the presence of excess oxygen and high-temperature conditions to give carbon dioxide and water. A combustion reaction is the energy source in natural gas, liquified...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2025

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol
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Carbonyl Yields in Cigars under Three Smoking Regimens Using a Linear Smoking Machine.

Mimy Young1, Charles Feng1, Todd Cecil1

  • 1Office of Science, Center for Tobacco Products, Food and Drug Administration, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States.

Chemical Research in Toxicology
|January 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study compared carbonyl yields in cigars and cigarettes using three smoking methods. Leaf-wrapped cigars (LWC) showed higher acetaldehyde yields than sheet-wrapped cigars (SWC) under intense smoking conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Tobacco Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Carbonyl compounds are harmful constituents in tobacco smoke.
  • Standardized methods are crucial for comparing toxicant yields across different tobacco products.
  • Cigars, particularly unfiltered types, require specific analytical approaches due to their unique smoking characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify and compare carbonyl yields (formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein) in mainstream smoke from unfiltered sheet-wrapped cigars (SWC), leaf-wrapped cigars (LWC), and reference cigarettes.
  • To evaluate the impact of three different smoking regimens (ISO, Canadian Intense [CI], CORESTA Recommended Method [CRM] No. 64) on carbonyl yields.
  • To investigate correlations between physical parameters of cigars and their resulting acetaldehyde yields.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized standard linear smoking machines and established puffing protocols.
  • Collected mainstream smoke using a smoking machine with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) impingers.
  • Quantified carbonyl compounds via liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.

Main Results:

  • Both SWC and LWC produced comparable formaldehyde and acrolein yields, but LWC yielded higher acetaldehyde than SWC under CI and CRM64 regimens.
  • Reference cigarettes yielded carbonyls within expected ranges using standard regimens, but CRM64 resulted in lower yields and higher variability.
  • Formaldehyde yields from reference cigarettes were higher under ISO and CI regimens compared to CRM64.

Conclusions:

  • Carbonyl yields in cigar smoke are highly variable across different smoking regimens.
  • The Canadian Intense (CI) smoking regimen appears promising for analytical insights into cigar smoke constituents.
  • Physical parameters like tobacco weight and density correlate with acetaldehyde yields, particularly under intense smoking conditions.