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Published on: May 25, 2022
Antineoplastic activity of Newcastle disease virus strain D90 in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Chun-Xiao Zhang1, Long-Wei Ye1, Ying Liu1
1Department of Oral Health Sciences, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China.
Abstract:
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an avian paramyxovirus, possesses the ability to kill tumor cells. Here, we report the effects of NDV strain D90, which was isolated in China, against oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. In this study, we showed that the cell death induced by D90 was apoptotic. Furthermore, the apoptosis induced by D90 was dependent on the mitochondrial pathway, and the death receptor pathway may be not involved. Bax and Bcl-2 also played a role in the apoptosis induced by D90. Lymph node metastasis is a serious problem for oral cancer; we therefore evaluated the impact of D90 on the migration and invasion of OSCC cells. NDV D90 affected microtubules and microfilaments to inhibit the motility of OSCC prior to apoptosis. The effects of D90 on the migration and invasion rates of OSCC cells were evaluated by migration and invasion assays. Subsequently, the changes in sp1, RECK, MMP-2, and MMP-9 induced by a low concentration of D90 were detected by western blot and gelatin zymography. D90 significantly inhibited the invasion and metastasis of OSCC cells by decreasing the expression of sp1 and increasing the expression of RECK to suppress the expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9.
Insights
Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain D90 effectively induces apoptosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells. This avian paramyxovirus also inhibits OSCC cell migration and invasion, offering potential therapeutic strategies for oral cancer.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Virology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is an avian paramyxovirus with demonstrated oncolytic properties.
- Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a significant global health concern with limited treatment options.
- Understanding NDV's mechanisms against OSCC is crucial for developing novel cancer therapies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the efficacy of NDV strain D90 against OSCC cells.
- To elucidate the mechanisms of cell death and metastasis inhibition induced by NDV D90.
- To evaluate the impact of NDV D90 on OSCC cell migration and invasion.
Main Methods:
- Cell culture of OSCC cells treated with NDV strain D90.
- Apoptosis assays (e.g., mitochondrial pathway, death receptor pathway, Bax/Bcl-2 expression).
- Cell migration and invasion assays, Western blot, and gelatin zymography to assess metastasis-related proteins (sp1, RECK, MMP-2, MMP-9).
Main Results:
- NDV strain D90 induced apoptosis in OSCC cells via the mitochondrial pathway.
- NDV D90 inhibited OSCC cell motility by affecting microtubules and microfilaments.
- NDV D90 significantly reduced OSCC cell invasion and metastasis by modulating sp1, RECK, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression and activity.
Conclusions:
- NDV strain D90 exhibits potent oncolytic activity against OSCC cells.
- NDV D90 effectively suppresses OSCC cell migration and invasion, key factors in metastasis.
- NDV D90 presents a promising candidate for novel therapeutic strategies in oral cancer treatment.
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