Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

6.9K
Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
6.9K
Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers01:16

Antianginal Drugs: Nitrates and β-Blockers

2.0K
In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
Organic nitrates,  such as nitroglycerin, play a pivotal role. Once metabolized, they liberate nitric oxide, a molecular marvel. Nitric oxide triggers guanylyl cyclase and augments cGMP production. This biochemical cascade orchestrates the relaxation of vascular smooth muscles, ushering in vasodilation and enhancing coronary blood flow....
2.0K
Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators01:23

Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators

2.5K
Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as minoxidil and hydralazine primarily target arteries and arterioles, while sodium nitroprusside acts on arterioles and venules. Minoxidil, functioning as a prodrug, is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, after oral administration. This metabolite binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) component of...
2.5K
Regulation of the Cardiovascular System01:27

Regulation of the Cardiovascular System

5.6K
The regulation of the cardiovascular system allows the body to adapt to various demands and maintain homeostasis.
The regulation of the cardiovascular system involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS), baroreceptors, and chemoreceptors, ensuring that heart rate and blood pressure are appropriately modulated in response to varying physiological demands.
The ANS comprises two main divisions: the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system enhances...
5.6K
Overview of the Cardiovascular System01:14

Overview of the Cardiovascular System

16.4K
The cardiovascular system is a vital transportation system in the body. It comprises the heart and blood vessels and facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products.
Heart
The heart is the central pump of the cardiovascular system that circulates blood throughout the body. It comprises two atria receiving the blood and two ventricles pumping blood out of the heart. Their rhythmic contractions, called heartbeats, ensure that blood flow remains continuous.
Blood Vessels
Blood...
16.4K
Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

2.0K
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
Raynaud's disease, also known as Raynaud's...
2.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

Heat Stress-Mediated Multi-Organ Injury: Pathophysiology and Treatment Strategies.

Comprehensive Physiology·2026
Same journal

Targeting the Organ-Brain Axis: The Modulatory Role of Peripheral Organs in Depression.

Comprehensive Physiology·2026
Same journal

The Interstitial Fluid Compartment: Still Unrecognized or Biophysically Well Described?

Comprehensive Physiology·2026
Same journal

The Evolution of Taste: Genetic, Dietary, and Cultural Pathways in Human Taste Perception.

Comprehensive Physiology·2026
Same journal

SLIT-ROBO Signaling in Diabetes: A Dual Regulator of Angiogenesis and Vascular Dysfunction.

Comprehensive Physiology·2026
Same journal

Heart-Specific Spinal and Vagal Afferents: Transcriptomic Signatures and Optogenetically Modulated Functional Coupling With Cardiomyocytes.

Comprehensive Physiology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
08:23

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Published on: February 16, 2022

5.0K

Nitric oxide and the cardiovascular system.

Harold Glenn Bohlen1

  • 1Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University Medical School, Indianapolis, Indiana, Indiana, USA.

Comprehensive Physiology
|April 17, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in regulating blood vessel function. New in vivo studies reveal how NO concentration changes rapidly under physiological stress, impacting vascular resistance, especially in hypertension and diabetes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) is vital for vascular smooth muscle relaxation, primarily studied through NO generation blockade.
  • Previous methods limited understanding of NO's regulatory nuances.
  • In vivo NO measurement techniques are advancing understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss how in vivo studies are reshaping the understanding of NO's role in vascular resistance.
  • To explore NO's function in hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
  • To evaluate the impact of microelectrode measurements on NO concentration ([NO]) studies.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on in vivo studies of NO in normal and pathological conditions.
  • Consider microelectrode measurements for determining [NO].

More Related Videos

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements
07:19

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements

Published on: July 29, 2021

2.9K
En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries
08:58

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries

Published on: February 25, 2016

10.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds
08:23

Chemiluminescence-based Assays for Detection of Nitric Oxide and its Derivatives from Autoxidation and Nitrosated Compounds

Published on: February 16, 2022

5.0K
Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements
07:19

Preparation of Rat Skeletal Muscle Homogenates for Nitrate and Nitrite Measurements

Published on: July 29, 2021

2.9K
En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries
08:58

En Face Detection of Nitric Oxide and Superoxide in Endothelial Layer of Intact Arteries

Published on: February 25, 2016

10.2K
  • Analyze studies validating measurement technology.

    • Main Results:

    • Physiological stresses (flow, chemicals, oxygen tension) induce rapid, significant changes in vascular NO concentration.
    • Altered endothelial cell regulation and oxidant formation compromise NO functions in hypertension and diabetes.
    • Measurement methodology significantly influences NO concentration findings and interpretations.

    Conclusions:

    • In vivo measurements provide critical insights into NO's dynamic role in vascular regulation.
    • Hypertension and diabetes mellitus impair endothelial NO signaling pathways.
    • Accurate measurement techniques are essential for understanding NO's complex physiological and pathological roles.