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The evolution of respect for property.

T N Sherratt1, M Mesterton-Gibbons2

  • 1Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.

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|April 18, 2015
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Summary

Animal behavior often respects ownership, avoiding disputes. While game theory predicts both ownership and anti-ownership conventions, the latter is rare, suggesting factors like role confusion and fighting ability influence these strategies.

Keywords:
BourgeoisConcorde fallacyanimal contestsecogenetic modelsevolutionarily stable strategieownershipprivate propertyterritoriality

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Game Theory
  • Animal Behavior and Ecology

Background:

  • Respect for ownership is common in animals, often without external enforcement.
  • Game theory models predict the evolution of 'Bourgeois' (ownership) and 'anti-Bourgeois' (non-ownership) behaviors.
  • Anti-Bourgeois behavior is rare in nature, contrasting with theoretical predictions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review extensions of game theory models concerning ownership and non-ownership behaviors in animals.
  • To explore factors influencing the prevalence of Bourgeois versus anti-Bourgeois strategies.
  • To identify key areas for future research on animal ownership conventions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of game theory models incorporating factors like repeated interactions and asymmetries.
  • Analysis of how role confusion and fighting investment influence behavioral strategies.
  • Synthesis of existing literature on animal ownership and dispute resolution.

Main Results:

  • Model extensions suggest role confusion and owner-intruder asymmetries explain partial respect for ownership.
  • Strategic coordination ('secret handshakes') and continuous fighting investment control destabilize anti-Bourgeois conventions.
  • Most model extensions favor the evolution of Bourgeois-like behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Partial respect for ownership is explained by factors like role confusion and fighting ability asymmetries.
  • Specific interaction dynamics, such as 'secret handshakes,' can prevent the evolution of anti-Bourgeois behavior.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand the evolution and stability of ownership conventions in the animal kingdom.