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The Inability to Screen Exhibition Swine for Influenza A Virus Using Body Temperature.

A S Bowman1, J M Nolting1, J D Workman1,2

  • 1Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.

Zoonoses and Public Health
|April 18, 2015
PubMed
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This summary is machine-generated.

Body temperature measurement is not a reliable method for detecting influenza A virus (IAV) in pigs at agricultural fairs. Both infrared and rectal thermometers failed to differentiate between infected and non-infected swine, hindering early detection efforts.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Animal Health
  • Zoonotic Disease Surveillance

Background:

  • Agricultural fairs present unique animal-human interfaces, increasing the risk of swine-to-human influenza A virus (IAV) transmission.
  • Early detection of IAV in swine at fairs is crucial for protecting both animal and public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of swine body temperature measurement using infrared and rectal thermometers for detecting IAV-infected pigs at agricultural fairs.

Main Methods:

  • Objective 1: Measured infrared body surface temperature in 1,092 pigs across 55 fairs, correlating with IAV nasal swab results.
  • Objective 2: Recorded rectal temperatures of 1,948 pigs alongside snout wipe collection upon arrival at a large swine exhibition.

Main Results:

Keywords:
Influenza A virusdetectionexhibitslivestockpublic healthswine

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  • IAV was detected in 19.4% of pigs in Objective 1 and 2.4% in Objective 2.
  • Mean temperature differences between IAV-positive and negative pigs were minimal (0.83°C infrared, 0.19°C rectal).
  • A diagnostically meaningful temperature cut-point could not be established to differentiate IAV status.

Conclusions:

  • Body temperature measurement is not a suitable screening tool for identifying IAV-infected swine at agricultural fairs.
  • Limiting IAV spread within swine populations at fairs is vital for reducing zoonotic transmission risk.