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Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Intra-Operative Behavioral Tasks in Awake Humans Undergoing Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery
Published on: January 6, 2011
Conscious sedation for awake craniotomy in intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging operating theater
Mohamad Said Maani Takrouri1, Firas A Shubbak1, Aisha Al Hajjaj2
1Department of Anesthesia, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
This case report describes the first case in intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging operating theater (iMRI OT) (BrainSuite®) of awake craniotomy for frontal lobe glioma excision in a 24-year-old man undergoing eloquent cortex language mapping intraoperatively. As he was very motivated to take pictures of him while being operated upon, the authors adapted conscious sedation technique with variable depth according to Ramsey's scale, in order to revert to awake state to perform the intended neurosurgical procedure. The patient tolerated the situation satisfactorily and was cooperative till the finish, without any event. We elicit in this report the special environment of iMRI OT for lengthy operation in pinned fixed patient having craniotomy.
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