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Bio-functionalized MWCNT/hyperbranched polyurethane bionanocomposite for bone regeneration.
Beauty Das1, Pronobesh Chattopadhyay, Somnath Maji
1Advanced Polymer and Nanomaterial Laboratory, Department of Chemical Sciences, Tezpur University, Tezpur-784028, India.
Biomedical Materials (Bristol, England)
|April 18, 2015
Summary
This study developed a novel polyurethane nanocomposite (PNC) for bone regeneration. The new biomaterial demonstrated excellent biocompatibility, enhanced bone formation, and biodegradability, making it a promising alternative for clinical applications.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Nanotechnology
- Tissue Engineering
Background:
- Effective bone regeneration requires biomaterials with specific bio-interfacial properties.
- Polyurethane nanocomposites (PNCs) offer potential for bone repair but require optimization.
Purpose of the Study:
- To fabricate and evaluate a novel polyurethane nanocomposite (PNC) using rapeseed protein functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for enhanced bone regeneration.
- To assess the biocompatibility, osteogenic potential, mechanical properties, and biodegradability of the developed PNC.
Main Methods:
- Fabrication of PNC using functionalized MWCNTs and vegetable-oil-based hyperbranched polyurethane.
- In vitro studies assessing MG63 cell behavior (adhesion, proliferation, differentiation) and alkaline phosphatase activity.
- In vivo studies evaluating bone neoformation in a critical-sized fracture gap, alongside histopathological and toxicological analyses (cytokine expression, biochemical, hematological).
Main Results:
- Biofunctionalized MWCNTs exhibited superior biocompatibility compared to pristine MWCNTs.
- PNC demonstrated enhanced MG63 cell differentiation, adhesion, spreading, and proliferation.
- Rapid bone neoformation (90-93% defect fill) within 30-45 days in a critical-sized fracture.
- Histopathology confirmed normal tibial architecture reorganization and implant biodegradation.
- Toxicological studies indicated non-immunogenic and non-toxic effects of PNC and its byproducts.
Conclusions:
- The developed PNC, with its high load-bearing capacity, ductility, and biodegradability, is a highly promising biomaterial for bone regeneration.
- Rapeseed protein functionalized MWCNTs significantly improve the osteogenic potential and biocompatibility of polyurethane nanocomposites.
- PNCs represent a comprehensive and effective alternative for clinical bone regeneration applications.
