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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Using 2-Photon Microscopy to Quantify the Effects of Chronic Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction on Glomerular Processes

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Evaluation of early changes induced by diuron in the rat urinary bladder using different processing methods for

Rafaela Marono Fava¹, Ana Paula Ferragut Cardoso¹, Mitscheli Sanches da Rocha²

¹Center for the Evaluation of the Environmental Impact on Human Health (TOXICAM), Department of Pathology, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Botucatu, São Paulo 18618-970, Brazil.

|April 21, 2015

Summary

Diuron herbicide causes urinary bladder cell swelling, an early sign of cytotoxicity. This finding supports its non-genotoxic carcinogenic mode of action at high doses.

Keywords:

Carcinogenesis Diuron[3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea]Early change Rat urinary bladder Scanning electron microscopy Swollen cells

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Area of Science:

Toxicology
Carcinogenesis
Urology

Background:

Diuron, a substituted urea herbicide, is carcinogenic in rats at high dietary levels.
Its non-genotoxic mode of action involves cytotoxicity, necrosis, and regenerative hyperplasia.
Early cytotoxic effects, like swollen cells observed via SEM, are debated.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if swollen cells are due to diuron cytotoxicity or SEM processing artifacts.
To clarify the early morphological alterations related to diuron exposure.

Main Methods:

Male Wistar rats were exposed to diuron, sodium saccharin, or basal diet for 7 days or 15 weeks.
Urinary bladders were analyzed using histology, labeling indices, and two SEM processing methods.

Main Results:

Diuron and sodium saccharin increased simple hyperplasia incidence after 15 weeks.
SEM revealed increased lesion incidence and severity in the diuron group.
Swollen superficial cells were visualized after 7 days of diuron exposure using specific SEM methods.

Conclusions:

Swollen cells are an early indicator of diuron-induced cytotoxicity.
This cytotoxicity is a key event in diuron's non-genotoxic carcinogenic pathway.
SEM processing methods influence the observation of these early cellular changes.