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Related Concept Videos

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
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Overview of Cell-Matrix Interactions01:24

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The extracellular matrix or ECM holds cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within the tissue to communicate. ECM comprises proteins such as fibronectin, collagen, laminin, etc. The most abundant protein in this space is collagen. Collagen fibers are interwoven with carbohydrate-containing protein molecules called proteoglycans. ECM allows cell migration and provides a structural scaffold at cell adhesion that anchors the cell when the extracellular matrix proteins interact with...
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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
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Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
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Anchoring Junctions01:03

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Anchoring junctions are multiprotein complexes that help cells connect to other cells and the extracellular matrix. Anchoring junctions are present on the lateral and basal surfaces of cells, providing strong and flexible connections. Focal adhesions are often formed due to cell interactions with the ECM substrata, which initiate signal transduction via kinase cascades and other mechanisms. Together, they provide stability and tissue integrity. There are three types of anchoring junctions:...
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Ligand Nano-cluster Arrays in a Supported Lipid Bilayer
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Dynamic Cellular Adhesion Mediated by Copolymeric Nanofilm Substrates.

Eric Shin1, Mark Chen2, Shiva Daram1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA.

JALA (Charlottesville, Va.)
|April 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Amphiphilic block copolymers show promise for preventing bio-fouling on medical implants. Nanofilms made from a PMOXA-PDMS-PMOXA triblock and PEO/PMMA diblock copolymer mixture significantly reduced macrophage accumulation.

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Control of Cell Adhesion using Hydrogel Patterning Techniques for Applications in Traction Force Microscopy
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Amphiphilic block copolymers possess alternating hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments, enabling applications in drug delivery and biological interface coatings.
  • These copolymers can form structures like micelles and vesicles for therapeutic delivery, potentially preventing inflammation or pro-cancer activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate fundamental cell-block copolymer interactions for creating protective nanofilms to prevent bio-fouling on non-tissue based implantable devices.
  • To evaluate the anti-adsorptive and non-inflammatory properties of PMOXA-PDMS-PMOXA triblock and PEO/PMMA diblock copolymers for biomaterial applications.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized PMOXA-PDMS-PMOXA triblock and PEO/PMMA diblock copolymers, mimicking cell lipid membranes.
  • Assessed macrophage accumulation on glass substrates coated with individual copolymers and a mixture.
  • Conducted in vitro incubation studies for up to 7 days.

Main Results:

  • The PMOXA-PDMS-PMOXA triblock copolymer inhibited murine macrophage accumulation on glass substrates.
  • Preliminary findings indicated anti-adsorptive and non-inflammatory capabilities of the triblock copolymer.
  • Nanofilms composed of a mixture of both copolymers significantly reduced macrophage accumulation, outperforming the diblock copolymer alone.

Conclusions:

  • Block copolymer nanofilms, particularly mixtures, show potential for preventing bio-fouling on implantable devices.
  • Macrophage behavior is influenced by copolymer properties like surface energy and nanotexture.
  • Further research into physical and chemical properties will guide the design of advanced implant-tissue interfaces.