Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin01:26

Directly Acting Muscle Relaxants: Dantrolene and Botulinum Toxin

1.4K
Directly acting muscle relaxants like dantrolene and botulinum toxin (BoNT) have distinct mechanisms and applications. Dantrolene, a hydantoin derivative, acts on the ryanodine receptor (RYR1) in skeletal muscle cells. RYR1 are calcium channels present at the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane. In response to excitation, they release calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Calcium promotes actin-myosin-mediated contraction of muscles.
The binding of dantrolene to the RYR1...
1.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Convergent Network Localization of Brain Stimulation Targets for Trait Anxiety.

The American journal of psychiatry·2026
Same author

Lesion network localization of depression in multiple sclerosis.

Nature. Mental health·2026
Same author

Atrophy in preclinical Alzheimer's disease maps to a network that predicts longitudinal decline.

Molecular psychiatry·2026
Same author

Connectivity- vs Scalp-Based Targeting of Accelerated Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA psychiatry·2026
Same author

Contusion Volume is a Cross-cohort Predictor of Delayed Seizures after Traumatic Brain Injury.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

A prognostic human brain network for diffuse midline glioma.

Nature·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia
10:41

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia

Published on: September 12, 2020

8.2K

Brain Stimulation for Torsion Dystonia.

Michael D Fox1, Ron L Alterman2

  • 1Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts2Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston.

JAMA Neurology
|April 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) offers strong evidence for treating various dystonia types when medical therapy fails. Patients with generalized, segmental, or cervical dystonia should consider DBS for improved outcomes.

More Related Videos

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
09:52

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: February 23, 2020

10.0K
The Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism
13:56

The Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism

Published on: November 19, 2014

20.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia
10:41

Implantation of Osmotic Pumps and Induction of Stress to Establish a Symptomatic, Pharmacological Mouse Model for DYT/PARK-ATP1A3 Dystonia

Published on: September 12, 2020

8.2K
Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
09:52

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: February 23, 2020

10.0K
The Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism
13:56

The Use of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy as a Tool for the Measurement of Bi-hemispheric Transcranial Electric Stimulation Effects on Primary Motor Cortex Metabolism

Published on: November 19, 2014

20.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Dystonia is a neurological disorder with abnormal muscle contractions.
  • Standard medical therapies for dystonia are often insufficient.
  • Therapeutic brain stimulation is an emerging treatment option for dystonia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence and effect sizes of brain stimulation for dystonia treatment.
  • To discuss advances in patient selection, surgical techniques, programming, and mechanisms of action.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) and other modalities.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of PubMed for brain stimulation in dystonia up to December 2014.
  • Inclusion of meta-analyses, consensus statements, and guidelines.
  • Focus on deep brain stimulation (DBS) and randomized clinical trials, analyzing dystonia severity changes and efficacy.

Main Results:

  • Strong evidence (Level B) supports DBS for primary generalized/segmental dystonia (especially DYT1-positive) and cervical dystonia.
  • Large effect sizes reported for DBS in tardive dystonia, writer's cramp, cranial dystonia, myoclonus dystonia, and Parkinson's-related dystonia.
  • DBS shows lesser benefit for dystonia secondary to brain damage; other stimulation methods report smaller effects.

Conclusions:

  • Referral for DBS is recommended for dystonia inadequately controlled by medical therapy, particularly for generalized, segmental, or cervical types.
  • Less-invasive stimulation modalities require further research for therapeutic consideration.