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Related Concept Videos

Myocarditis I: Introduction01:21

Myocarditis I: Introduction

620
Myocarditis is inflammation of the myocardium, which is the muscular layer of the heart.EtiologyMyocarditis has a diverse etiology, including a wide range of infectious and non-infectious causes:Infectious CausesViral: Common viruses include Coxsackie A and B, adenovirus, parvovirus B19, enteroviruses, and influenza A.Bacterial: Examples include infections caused by Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Mycoplasma species.Rickettsial: Infections like Rocky Mountain spotted fever can result in...
620
Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

466
Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
466
Myocarditis III: Medical Management01:14

Myocarditis III: Medical Management

329
Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
329
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

789
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
789
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

803
Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
803
Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

855
Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
06:35

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

Published on: February 8, 2019

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Small steps for idiopathic giant cell myocarditis.

Jeffrey A Shih1, Jennifer A Shih

  • 1University of Massachusetts, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA, 01655, USA, Jeffrey.shih@umassmemorial.org.

Current Heart Failure Reports
|April 21, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis (IGCM) is a rare, progressive heart condition. Early immunosuppression and cardiac transplant improve survival, but recurrence in transplanted hearts is a risk.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis (IGCM) is a rare, aggressive cardiac disease.
  • Characterized by myocardial necrosis and inflammatory giant cells, leading to rapid heart failure.
  • Often necessitates advanced interventions like cardiac transplantation or mechanical support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the clinical presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment outcomes of IGCM.
  • To highlight the role of immunosuppression and cardiac transplantation in managing IGCM.
  • To address the challenge of disease recurrence post-transplant.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on IGCM.
  • Analysis of clinical data regarding patient presentation and disease progression.

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Isolation and Identification of Extravascular Immune Cells of the Heart

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 14, 2026

An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis
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An Immunohistopathologic Study to Profile the Folate Receptor Beta Macrophage and Vascular Immune Microenvironment in Giant Cell Arteritis

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Flow Cytometry-Based Quantification and Analysis of Myocardial B-Cells
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Flow Cytometry-Based Quantification and Analysis of Myocardial B-Cells

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  • Evaluation of treatment strategies, including immunosuppression and transplantation outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Patients typically present with severe heart failure, arrhythmias, and heart block.
    • Combined immunosuppressive therapy shows potential to prolong survival.
    • Cardiac transplantation is an effective treatment, but recurrence can occur.

    Conclusions:

    • IGCM requires prompt diagnosis and aggressive management.
    • Immunosuppression and cardiac transplantation are critical interventions.
    • Ongoing research is needed to understand IGCM pathophysiology and prevent recurrence.