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Vaccine hesitancy: Definition, scope and determinants.

Noni E MacDonald1,

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Summary

Vaccine hesitancy is the delay or refusal of vaccines, influenced by complex, context-specific factors. Understanding these determinants is crucial for addressing vaccine demand and public health.

Keywords:
Hesitancy determinantsHesitancy determinants matrixVaccination hesitancyVaccine hesitancyWHO

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Immunization Science
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Vaccine hesitancy is a significant global public health challenge.
  • It is defined as a delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines, even when services are available.
  • Hesitancy is complex, context-specific, and influenced by various factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define vaccine hesitancy and identify its key determinants.
  • To explore the relationship between hesitancy levels and vaccine demand.
  • To provide a framework for understanding the influences on vaccine acceptance.

Main Methods:

  • The SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy convened to analyze the issue.
  • A review of factors influencing vaccine acceptance, delay, or rejection was conducted.
  • The Vaccine Hesitancy Determinants Matrix was developed to categorize these influences.

Main Results:

  • Vaccine hesitancy is influenced by complacency, convenience, and confidence.
  • It is context-specific, varying across time, place, and vaccine types.
  • High hesitancy correlates with low vaccine demand, but low hesitancy does not guarantee high demand.

Conclusions:

  • Vaccine hesitancy is a multifaceted issue requiring tailored, context-specific interventions.
  • The determinants matrix offers a comprehensive tool for analyzing and addressing hesitancy.
  • Understanding these determinants is vital for improving vaccine uptake and public health outcomes.