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Related Concept Videos

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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Continuous-Release Systems01:26

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Continuous-release drug delivery systems offer a strategic approach to maintaining therapeutic drug levels over extended periods following oral administration. By modulating the release rate of active pharmaceutical ingredients, these systems minimize fluctuations in plasma concentrations, which enhances clinical efficacy and reduces the need for frequent dosing. Such characteristics make them particularly advantageous in managing chronic diseases where patient adherence and stable drug...
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Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
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Treating Opioid Dependence With Injectable Extended-Release Naltrexone (XR-NTX): Who Will Respond?

Edward V Nunes1, Evgeny Krupitsky, Walter Ling

  • 1From the New York State Psychiatric Institute and Department of Psychiatry (EVN), Columbia University, New York, NY; Bekhterev Research Psychoneurological Institute and St Petersburg State Pavlov Medical University (EK), Russia; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences (WL), University of California, Los Angeles, CA; Alkermes, Inc (JZ, AM, BLS), Waltham, MA; and Treatment Research Institute (DRG), Philadelphia, PA.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) effectively prevents opioid relapse for many patients. This study found no specific patient characteristics that predicted XR-NTX treatment success, indicating broad applicability.

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Area of Science:

  • Addiction Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Opioid dependence is a major public health concern.
  • Extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) offers an alternative to opioid agonist therapies.
  • Identifying patient-treatment matching factors can optimize therapeutic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if baseline patient characteristics predict treatment response to XR-NTX.
  • To evaluate XR-NTX efficacy for opioid dependence relapse prevention.

Main Methods:

  • A moderator analysis was performed on data from a 24-week, placebo-controlled trial.
  • Participants were recently detoxified opioid-dependent adults in Russia.
  • Logistic regression models assessed interactions between baseline variables and XR-NTX treatment.

Main Results:

  • XR-NTX significantly increased opioid abstinence rates compared to placebo (51% vs. 31%).
  • No significant interactions were found between baseline variables and treatment efficacy.
  • Higher clinical severity was associated with a lower likelihood of good clinical response.

Conclusions:

  • No patient-treatment matching factors were identified for XR-NTX.
  • XR-NTX demonstrates broad efficacy in promoting opioid abstinence across diverse patient profiles.
  • This suggests XR-NTX is a viable option for a wide range of individuals with opioid dependence.