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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

32.5K
The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
32.5K
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation02:17

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
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Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

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Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:17

Ziegler–Natta Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

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Ziegler–Natta polymerization is another form of addition or chain‐growth polymerization used for synthesizing linear polymers over branched polymers. The catalyst used for polymerization is the Ziegler–Natta catalyst, named after Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta, who developed it in 1953. This catalyst is an organometallic complex of titanium tetrachloride and triethyl aluminum, with the active form of the catalyst being an alkyl titanium compound. Using the Ziegler–Natta...
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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:24

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.
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Related Experiment Video

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Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles Supported on Carbon Nanotube with Doped Co and N Atoms and its Catalytic Applications in Hydrogen Production
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Nickel Catalysis: Synergy between Method Development and Total Synthesis.

Eric A Standley1, Sarah Z Tasker1, Kim L Jensen1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|April 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nickel(0) catalysts enable diverse coupling reactions, including reductive alkyne-aldehyde couplings and alkene functionalizations. This research expands synthetic strategies for natural product synthesis and complex molecule construction.

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Chemical Precipitation Method for the Synthesis of Nb2O5 Modified Bulk Nickel Catalysts with High Specific Surface Area
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Area of Science:

  • Organic Chemistry
  • Catalysis
  • Synthetic Methodology

Background:

  • Nickel(0) catalysts are versatile for multicomponent coupling reactions.
  • Allylic alcohol motifs in natural products inspired the development of these reactions.
  • Understanding reaction mechanisms is key to controlling selectivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop novel nickel-catalyzed coupling reactions.
  • To expand the scope of substrates and reaction types.
  • To enable the total synthesis of complex natural products.

Main Methods:

  • Development of intermolecular reductive alkyne-aldehyde coupling.
  • Investigation of coupling reactions with imines, ketones, epoxides, and aziridines.
  • Utilizing silyl triflate activating agents for alkene-based couplings.
  • Employing mixed N-heterocyclic carbene/phosphite ligand systems.

Main Results:

  • Successful development of enantioselective alkyne-aldehyde coupling.
  • Total synthesis of natural products like (-)-terpestacin and pumiliotoxins.
  • Demonstration of alkene-aldehyde couplings and allylic substitution reactions.
  • Catalysis of aziridine cross-coupling with alkylzinc reagents.

Conclusions:

  • Nickel catalysis offers powerful and diverse synthetic tools.
  • Mechanistic insights drive methodological advancements and selectivity control.
  • This work facilitates complex molecule synthesis and natural product assembly.