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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Minimally Invasive Treatment for Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture Using Sagittal Alignment Screws and A Trauma Reduction Device
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Bone block procedures in posterior shoulder instability.

Simone Cerciello1,2, Enrico Visonà3, Brent Joseph Morris4

  • 1Università degli Studi del Molise, Campobasso, Italy. simo.red@tiscali.it.

Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA
|April 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Bone grafting effectively treats posterior shoulder dislocation bone defects, improving outcomes. However, long-term concerns include graft lysis and osteoarthritis, highlighting the need for higher-quality studies on posterior shoulder instability.

Keywords:
Bone blockBone defectBone graftBone lossPosterior shoulder dislocationPosterior shoulder instability

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Sports Medicine
  • Reconstructive Surgery

Background:

  • Posterior shoulder dislocation frequently results in bone defects requiring surgical intervention.
  • Bone block procedures are a common surgical approach to address these deficiencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review literature on bone block procedures for posterior shoulder dislocation bone defects.
  • To evaluate the methodological quality of included studies using the Coleman methodology score.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature review was conducted using keywords related to posterior shoulder instability and bone defects.
  • Included studies were assessed using the Coleman methodology score.

Main Results:

  • 13 articles met inclusion criteria, involving 208 shoulders with an average follow-up of 72.7 months.
  • The average Coleman score was 57.2, indicating methodological limitations in study population size, type, and outcome assessment.
  • All studies reported improved outcome scores, but radiographic evaluation showed osteoarthritis and graft lysis in a significant portion of patients.

Conclusions:

  • Bone grafting is a reliable option for posterior shoulder dislocation bone defects, demonstrating significant score improvements.
  • Despite low recurrence rates, long-term concerns include graft lysis and glenohumeral osteoarthritis in up to one-third of patients.
  • There is a need for higher-quality studies to better understand the long-term efficacy and potential complications of bone grafting procedures.