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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Pigmentation01:19

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Papillary Dermis01:11

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
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Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
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Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

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Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Related Experiment Video

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A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
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[Vulvar melanoma].

A Chokoeva, G Tchernev, U Wollina

    Akusherstvo I Ginekologiia
    |April 25, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Malignant melanoma of the vulva is a rare, aggressive cancer in women, often presenting as a pigmented lesion. Early detection and surgical removal are crucial for improving outcomes in this challenging disease.

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    Area of Science:

    • Gynecologic Oncology
    • Dermatology
    • Pathology

    Context:

    • Malignant melanoma of the vulva (MMV) is a rare gynecologic malignancy, accounting for less than 5% of all female melanomas.
    • The incidence is higher in white women, typically between 60 and 70 years of age.
    • MMV often presents as an asymptomatic pigmented lesion, with superficial spreading melanoma being the most common subtype.

    Purpose:

    • To review the clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognostic factors, and optimal treatment for malignant melanoma of the vulva.
    • To highlight the importance of histological confirmation and molecular analysis (e.g., BRAF, NRAS mutations).
    • To identify key prognostic markers influencing patient outcomes.

    Summary:

    • Diagnosis is confirmed via histological examination, with PCR and DNA analysis for BRAF/NRAS mutations and KIT amplification being valuable adjuncts.
    • Prognostic markers include advanced age, tumor size and thickness, ulceration, satellite lesions, adjacent organ involvement, and metastasis.
    • Radical wide excision with bilateral lymphadenectomy is the recommended therapeutic approach.

    Impact:

    • Improved understanding of MMV epidemiology and clinical behavior.
    • Enhanced diagnostic and prognostic capabilities through molecular analysis.
    • Standardization of surgical management for better patient outcomes.