Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Standardized Data Acquisition for Neuromelanin-Sensitive Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Substantia Nigra
Published on: September 8, 2021
A reliable and valid index was developed to measure appropriate psychotropic drug use in dementia
Klaas van der Spek1, Debby L Gerritsen1, Martin Smalbrugge2
1Department of Primary and Community Care, Centre for Family Medicine, Geriatric Care and Public Health, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen Huispost 117 ELG, P.O. Box 9101, Nijmegen 6500 HB, The Netherlands.
Objectives:
The aim of this study was to develop an index derived from the Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI) items that is suited for clinical studies evaluating appropriateness of psychotropic drug use (PDU) for neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in patients with dementia in nursing homes and to test its reliability and validity.
Study Design And Setting:
An expert panel reviewed the MAI items to develop items for appropriateness of PDU; a second, independent, expert panel determined content validity of the items. An interrater reliability study was conducted (N = 54), and a summated index score, based on weighted item scores, was developed to enhance the use in clinical studies. Construct validity was explored using a representative sample of 560 medical records.
Results:
Five existing MAI items were used, the MAI item "indication" was adjusted, a new item "evaluation" was added, and scoring rules were based on guideline recommendations, to create the Appropriate Psychotropic drugs use In Dementia (APID) index. The second expert panel concluded that all items contributed to the construct "appropriateness." All items and the summated index score had moderate to almost perfect interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient for agreement, 0.577-1). The summated index score showed promising construct validity, for example, no multicollinearity issues were found.
Conclusion:
The results of this study show that the APID index is reliable and valid for measuring appropriateness of PDU for NPS in dementia in nursing homes in clinical studies.
More Related Videos
07:02A Computerized Test Battery to Study Pharmacodynamic Effects on the Central Nervous System of Cholinergic Drugs in Early Phase Drug Development
Published on: February 11, 2019
07:30Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
Published on: August 18, 2020
Related Concept Videos
Psychosis and Antipsychotic Drugs: Overview
Psychosis: Goals of Pharmacotherapy
Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects
Despite these side effects, antipsychotics are used therapeutically for various purposes, including managing schizophrenia, preventing nausea and vomiting, curbing...
Drug Therapy
Antianxiety Medications
CNS Stimulants: Psychedelic Agents
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment