Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

6.1K
The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
6.1K
Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

4.3K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
4.3K
Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

1.8K
Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
1.8K
Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

41.3K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
41.3K
Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

5.6K
Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
The exact mechanisms by which calcitonin operates in calcium homeostasis remain elusive, but its significance is evident in several vital...
5.6K
The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

9.1K
The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
9.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Temporal changes in cortisol secretion and their association with long-term outcomes in benign adrenal incidentalomas: a retrospective cohort study.

The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology·2026
Same author

Glucagon-stimulated copeptin response in children: a proof-of-concept study.

Frontiers in endocrinology·2026
Same author

Characterization of SF3B1 role in prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors.

Endocrine-related cancer·2026
Same author

Correction: Transition Care for Young People with Rare Bone and Mineral Conditions: A Scoping Review.

Advances in therapy·2026
Same author

Advancing Cystic Fibrosis-Related Diabetes Care With Automated Insulin Delivery Systems.

Clinical therapeutics·2026
Same author

Prevalence of somatic SF3B1R625H mutation in lactotroph tumours from a multi-centric cohort: a digital PCR-based study.

European journal of endocrinology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
03:57

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

2.5K

Pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib in 2015.

Giovanna Mantovani1, Francesca M Elli1

  • 1Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Endocrinology and Diabetology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via F. Sforza, 35, 20122 Milan, Italy.

Annales D'Endocrinologie
|April 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) and related disorders involve resistance to parathyroid hormone (PTH) and affect cAMP signaling. Genetic defects in GNAS and other cAMP pathway genes cause these rare, impairing conditions.

Keywords:
Albright hereditary osteodystrophyEmpreinteGNASImprintingOstéodytrophie héréditaire d’AlbrightPseudohypoparathyroidismPseudohypoparathyroïdie

More Related Videos

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
07:12

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Published on: August 17, 2022

5.3K
Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation
07:13

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation

Published on: March 14, 2017

15.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 14, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
03:57

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

Published on: July 14, 2023

2.5K
Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging
07:12

Establishment of a Simple and Effective Rat Model for Intraoperative Parathyroid Gland Imaging

Published on: August 17, 2022

5.3K
Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation
07:13

Two Techniques to Create Hypoparathyroid Mice: Parathyroidectomy Using GFP Glands and Diphtheria-Toxin-Mediated Parathyroid Ablation

Published on: March 14, 2017

15.5K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Endocrinology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) encompasses rare genetic disorders characterized by parathyroid hormone (PTH) resistance and impaired cAMP signaling.
  • Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) and progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH) are related disorders with features like brachydactyly, ectopic ossifications, and endocrine deficiencies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the molecular overlap between PHP, AHO, POH, and acrodysostosis.
  • To understand the mechanisms of GNAS defects and other cAMP pathway alterations in AHO-related disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic analysis of GNAS, PRKAR1A, and PDE4D genes.
  • Epigenetic analysis of GNAS methylation defects.
  • Review of clinical and molecular data from patients with PHP, AHO, POH, and acrodysostosis.

Main Results:

  • PHP-Ia and PHP-Ib result from GNAS mutations or methylation defects, respectively.
  • Mutations in PRKAR1A and PDE4D are linked to acrodysostosis, sharing features with AHO.
  • Significant molecular overlap exists among these disorders, highlighting the central role of the cAMP signaling pathway.

Conclusions:

  • The molecular overlap necessitates revised classification models for these related disorders.
  • Defects in GNAS and other cAMP pathway components provide crucial insights into the pathogenesis of AHO-related conditions.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex mechanisms underlying these rare diseases.