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Evolution of gene expression after gene amplification.

Nelson Garcia1, Wei Zhang1, Yongrui Wu2

  • 1Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers University.

Genome Biology and Evolution
|April 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Gene expression regulation in grasses shows conservation for older prolamin genes, but younger genes evolved distinct activators. Oat PBF can substitute for maize PBF in regulating gene expression.

Keywords:
Opaque2high-molecular weight glutenin Dx5oat–maize addition (OMA) linesprolamin-box-binding factorzeins

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology
  • Comparative genomics
  • Transcriptional regulation

Background:

  • Prolamin storage proteins are crucial for seed development in grasses (Poaceae).
  • Understanding gene expression conservation across species aids in crop improvement and evolutionary studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the conservation of prolamin gene expression regulation between maize and oat.
  • To determine if oat transcription factors can regulate maize prolamin genes and vice versa.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized oat-maize addition (OMA) lines to analyze gene expression across species.
  • Employed transient expression assays with a γ-zein promoter fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP).
  • Investigated the role of transcription factors like prolamin-box-binding factor (PBF) and Opaque-2 (O2) using knockdown and knockout strategies.

Main Results:

  • Maize γ-zeins are expressed in OMA lines, indicating oat PBF can substitute for maize PBF.
  • Younger, maize-specific prolamin genes are not expressed in OMA lines.
  • Maize can express the ancient wheat high-molecular weight glutenin Dx5 gene even with PBF knockdown or O2 knockout.

Conclusions:

  • Older prolamin genes exhibit conserved transcriptional regulation between maize and oat.
  • Younger prolamin genes have diverged in their regulatory mechanisms and transcriptional activators.
  • Cross-species complementation of transcription factors is possible, particularly for ancient genes.