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Hyper-active gap filling.

Akira Omaki1, Ellen F Lau2, Imogen Davidson White2

  • 1Department of Cognitive Science, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA.

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|April 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

English speakers actively build sentence structure before verb information, similar to verb-final language speakers. This suggests a general language processing ability, not just an adaptation to specific language types.

Keywords:
active gap fillingeye-trackingfiller-gap dependencyislandplausibility mismatch effectspredictionverb transitivity

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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Computational Linguistics
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Speakers of verb-final languages predictively build syntactic structures before verb information.
  • It remains unclear if this predictive processing is a general language faculty or specific to verb-final languages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if English speakers (verb-medial language) predictively construct filler-gap dependencies before verb transitivity information is available.
  • To test if this predictive processing is a general architectural property of the language processor.

Main Methods:

  • Three reading experiments using self-paced reading and eye-tracking.
  • Manipulation of verb transitivity in English sentences.
  • Analysis of reading disruption when verb transitivity conflicted with predicted syntactic structures.

Main Results:

  • Evidence of reading disruption when verbs had intransitive subcategorization frames incompatible with predicted structures.
  • No reading difficulty observed when the critical verb was within a syntactic island, which blocks dependency completion.
  • Results indicate active dependency completion before verb transitivity information is accessed.

Conclusions:

  • Speakers of verb-medial languages like English actively complete syntactic dependencies before accessing verb transitivity information.
  • This supports the hypothesis that predictive structure building is a general property of the human language processor.
  • Language processing involves proactive construction of representations based on early-available information.