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Structural brain correlates associated with professional handball playing.

Jürgen Hänggi1, Nicolas Langer2, Kai Lutz3

  • 1Division Neuropsychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Plos One
|April 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Professional handball players show brain structural adaptations in motor and sensory areas, particularly in the right hemisphere controlling the non-dominant hand. These changes suggest neuroplasticity from training, not genetic predisposition.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sports Science
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Skilled handball playing requires excellent bimanual coordination.
  • The non-dominant hand's control is crucial for efficient catching and throwing in handball.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate training-induced structural neuroplasticity in professional handball players.
  • To review sport-induced structural brain alterations.
  • To identify specific brain regions and white matter tracts affected by handball training.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized structural neuroimaging techniques and analytical approaches.
  • Compared brain structure (grey matter and white matter) in handball players and control subjects.
  • Examined correlations between training experience and anatomical brain differences.

Main Results:

  • Handball players exhibited increased grey matter volume in motor and somatosensory areas (right MI/SI, bilateral SMA/cingulate motor area, left intraparietal sulcus).
  • Increased fractional anisotropy and axial diffusivity were observed in the right corticospinal tract (CST) in players compared to controls.
  • Training commencement age and experience correlated with grey matter volume and white matter diffusivity, suggesting neuroplastic adaptations.

Conclusions:

  • Structural brain alterations in the somatosensory-motor network were identified in handball players, with greater changes in the right hemisphere controlling the non-dominant hand.
  • Findings suggest neuroplastic adaptations due to training rather than genetic predisposition.
  • Studying neuroplasticity in athletes can elucidate general neural mechanisms of expertise.