[Research progress on site-oriented and three-dimensional immobilization of proteins]

Area of Science:

• Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
• Proteomics and Genomics
• Materials Science and Nanotechnology

Context:

• The post-genome era necessitates understanding protein functions encoded by DNA.
• Protein array technologies, including micro- and nano-fluidic chips, are crucial for high-throughput proteomics.
• Current immobilization methods often lead to reduced protein activity and low surface density.

Purpose:

• To review research progress in site-oriented protein adsorption at solid-liquid interfaces.
• To highlight advancements in three-dimensional protein immobilization techniques.
• To address the challenge of maintaining protein immunoactivity and high density on array surfaces.

Summary:

• Protein arrays utilize molecular recognition for parallel detection of thousands of proteins.
• Immobilized proteins on surfaces like glass slides or beads can lose activity and density.
• Site-oriented adsorption and 3D immobilization strategies are explored to overcome these limitations.

Impact:

• Enhancing the efficiency and reliability of protein array platforms.
• Improving signal response and data quality in proteomic studies.
• Advancing the utility of protein arrays as discovery tools in biological research.