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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 14, 2026

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

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Achieving incompatible transplantation through desensitization: current perspectives and future directions.

Stanley C Jordan¹, Jua Choi, Ashley Vo

¹Comprehensive Transplant Center, Kidney Transplant Program & Transplant Immunotherapy Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8900 Beverly Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.

|April 29, 2015

Summary

Organ transplantation faces challenges from organ shortages and histoincompatibility. New desensitization protocols improve transplant rates in incompatible patients, but managing antibody responses remains crucial for long-term graft survival.

Keywords:

B cells HLA IL-6 receptor IVIg complement inhibition desensitization immunotherapy kidney transplantation plasma exchange rituximab

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Induction of Alloantigen-specific Anergy in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by Alloantigen Stimulation with Co-stimulatory Signal Blockade

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Published on: March 14, 2011

Area of Science:

Immunology
Transplantation Medicine
Nephrology

Background:

Organ transplantation is limited by donor scarcity and histoincompatibility, particularly in sensitized patients.
Donor-specific antibody responses post-transplant are a primary cause of allograft failure, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs.

Purpose of the Study:

To review emerging desensitization protocols for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and ABO blood type incompatible (ABOi) transplants.
To discuss novel immunotherapeutic agents aimed at improving antibody reduction and preventing allograft failure.

Main Methods:

Review of current desensitization protocols involving intravenous immunoglobulin, rituximab, and plasma exchange.
Exploration of novel drug development pipelines targeting antibody-mediated rejection in transplantation.

Main Results:

Current desensitization strategies, while effective, require intensive immunosuppression.
A new wave of immunotherapies, including IgG-inactivating agents, anticytokines, and complement inhibitors, shows promise for enhanced antibody reduction.

Conclusions:

Advances in desensitization protocols and novel immunotherapies are critical for increasing transplant rates and improving long-term outcomes in challenging patient populations.
Targeting antibody-mediated rejection through innovative therapies is essential for overcoming major barriers in transplantation.