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Apolipoprotein D (apoD) uptake into cells is mediated by the receptor basigin (BSG). This discovery clarifies how apoD functions, including its neuroprotective effects.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Apolipoprotein D (apoD) is a secreted lipocalin family protein involved in transporting small molecules.
  • ApoD is upregulated during stress and in various pathologies, showing neuroprotective effects.
  • The mechanism of apoD cellular internalization remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the specific cell surface receptor responsible for Apolipoprotein D (apoD) internalization.
  • To elucidate the role of this receptor in apoD uptake and function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 293T and SH-5YSY cell lines to investigate apoD internalization.
  • Employed techniques including receptor identification, colocalization studies, gene silencing (down-regulation), and overexpression.
  • Assessed the effect of Cyclophilin A, a known basigin ligand, on apoD uptake.

Main Results:

  • Identified basigin (BSG, CD147), particularly its low glycosylated form, as the specific cell surface receptor for apoD.
  • Demonstrated that internalized apoD colocalizes with BSG in vesicular compartments.
  • Showed that BSG down-regulation inhibits apoD uptake, while BSG overexpression in low-BSG cells restores it.
  • Confirmed BSG's role by observing that Cyclophilin A competitively inhibits apoD internalization.

Conclusions:

  • Basigin (BSG) is strongly indicated as the primary receptor for Apolipoprotein D (apoD) internalization.
  • This finding provides crucial insights into the mechanisms underlying apoD's functions, including its neuroprotective properties.