Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions01:30

Indirect-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions

1.9K
Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists, also known as anticholinesterases, exert their pharmacological effects by enhancing cholinergic transmission in various body parts, including the neuromuscular junction, autonomic cholinergic synapses, and the brain.
At the neuromuscular junction, these agents work by inhibiting the breakdown of acetylcholine, allowing it to remain bound to the receptor and bind to nearby receptors. This process leads to repetitive firing of the endplate, causing muscle...
1.9K
Parkinson's Disease: Treatment01:24

Parkinson's Disease: Treatment

1.4K
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), involve the gradual and irreversible destruction of neurons in particular brain areas. These disorders exhibit standard features like proteinopathies, selective vulnerability of some neurons, and an interaction of intrinsic properties, genetics, and environmental influences in neural injury.
Parkinson's Disease is primarily a result of the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. The cornerstone of...
1.4K
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

1.2K
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
1.2K
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:11

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

2.1K
Direct-acting cholinergic agonists have many therapeutic uses in various medical fields. Choline esters, including acetylcholine, have limited clinical utility due to their non-selectivity and short duration of action. Still, acetylcholine and carbachol are applied topically during ophthalmologic surgery to induce miosis. Pilocarpine, a muscarinic and ganglionic stimulator, effectively treats open-angle glaucoma and alleviates xerostomia and dry mouth caused by radiotherapy or Sjögren...
2.1K
Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants01:28

Classification of Skeletal Muscle Relaxants

3.4K
Skeletal muscle relaxants are a group of drugs that can reduce muscle stiffness and induce temporary paralysis to relieve pain. These agents can act centrally to reduce muscle tone or spasms in painful conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), or spinal injuries; they are called antispasmodics or spasmolytics.
Peripherally acting skeletal muscle relaxants interfere with the neurotransmission at the neuromuscular end plate to induce paralysis during...
3.4K
Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions00:59

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Pharmacological Actions

2.6K
Direct-acting cholinergic agonists exert their pharmacological actions by mimicking the effects of acetylcholine on postsynaptic muscarinic receptors to generate parasympathetic responses. These agents elicit a range of physiological responses, including cardiovascular effects. For example, activation of muscarinic receptors induces bradycardia, decreased cardiac output, reduced peripheral resistance, and consequent hypotension. In the eye, stimulation of M3 receptors leads to smooth muscle...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Does menopause affect MS progression? Evidence and ongoing debates.

Neurodegenerative disease management·2025
Same author

Women and multiple sclerosis: From gender medicine to precision medicine.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2025
Same author

Home-based, computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation for attention in pediatric onset multiple sclerosis: a randomized, multicenter pilot study.

Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology·2024
Same author

Spinal cord MRI activity in multiple sclerosis: Predictive value for relapses and impact on treatment decisions.

Journal of the neurological sciences·2024
Same author

Pregnancy effect on disease activity in women with multiple sclerosis treated with cladribine.

Journal of neurology·2024
Same author

Brain and spinal cord atrophy in NMOSD and MOGAD: Current evidence and future perspectives.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2024
Same journal

Comparative Study of Bioactive Potential and Antifungal Susceptibility in H. undatus and H. polyrhizus Stem Extracts.

Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal chemistry·2026
Same journal

Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Oxidative Stress and the Role of Drug Delivery System.

Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal chemistry·2026
Same journal

Benzothiazole Derivatives: Emerging Potential as Anti-Rheumatic Agents and other Pharmacological Effects.

Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal chemistry·2026
Same journal

Design of pH-responsive Nanocarriers for Controlled Delivery of Anti-allergic Corticosteroid Analogues.

Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal chemistry·2026
Same journal

Antifungal Efficacy of Natural Oils: A Comprehensive Review on Mechanisms and Innovations.

Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal chemistry·2026
Same journal

Design of Antiacne Gel Containing Phloretin.

Anti-inflammatory & anti-allergy agents in medicinal chemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

13.0K

Oral agents in multiple sclerosis.

L Lorefice1, G Fenu, J Frau

  • 1Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Public Health and Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. lorena.lorefice@hotmail.it.

Anti-Inflammatory & Anti-Allergy Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
|May 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Oral disease-modifying therapies offer improved adherence for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This review covers approved and emerging oral treatments for MS, focusing on their history, efficacy, and safety.

More Related Videos

Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
09:46

Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

Published on: September 21, 2021

5.4K
Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
09:38

Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

13.0K
Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines
09:46

Rat Model of Widespread Cerebral Cortical Demyelination Induced by an Intracerebral Injection of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines

Published on: September 21, 2021

5.4K
Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
09:41

Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

12.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system.
  • Current MS treatments often require parenteral administration, which can negatively impact patient adherence and treatment effectiveness.
  • Recent advancements have focused on developing oral therapies for MS to improve convenience and adherence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history, pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety of oral disease-modifying agents for multiple sclerosis.
  • To discuss currently approved oral MS treatments and those under development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of approved and investigational oral therapies for MS.
  • Analysis of data on pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, and safety profiles.
  • Synthesis of information on the impact of oral administration on patient adherence.

Main Results:

  • Fingolimod, Teriflunomide, and Dimethyl fumarate are approved oral treatments for relapsing-remitting MS.
  • Oral therapies offer potential advantages in convenience and adherence compared to parenteral options.
  • Ongoing research is expanding the pipeline of oral agents for MS treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Oral disease-modifying therapies represent a significant advancement in multiple sclerosis management.
  • These agents have the potential to improve long-term treatment adherence and outcomes for MS patients.
  • Further research and development of oral MS therapies are crucial for optimizing patient care.