Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions01:25

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Drug Interactions

743
Drug interactions occur when the pharmacological effect of one drug is altered by another substance, either enhancing or diminishing its activity. The drug whose activity is altered is known as the object drug, and the substance causing the alteration is called the agent drug or the precipitant. The net effects of these interactions are mostly undesirable, leading to decreased effectiveness or increased adverse effects. In rare cases, interactions can be beneficial, such as the enhanced...
743
Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism01:27

Combined Effects of Drugs: Synergism

7.9K
Synergism is a useful mechanism where combining two or more drugs is more effective than each constituent used alone. Such combinations are also called supra-additive interactions. The drugs collectively enhance the final therapeutic effect by acting on different targets. Another advantage is that the low dose of each constituent drug is sufficient to achieve the desired effect. This helps reduce the duration of therapy and lower the adverse effects of these drugs.
Such synergistic combinations...
7.9K
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

89
The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
89
Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction01:30

Drug toxicity: Drug–Drug Interaction

376
Drug–drug interactions can precipitate toxicity through multiple mechanisms. Absorption interactions alter how drugs enter the body, exemplified when ranitidine increases the absorption of basic drugs, while cholestyramine decreases the levels of propranolol. Protein binding interactions occur when drugs share the same binding sites on plasma proteins. Drugs like aspirin and warfarin, when bound in excess, can lead to increased free drug concentrations, enhancing the potential for...
376
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

560
Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
560
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology01:25

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology

1.9K
Multiple disease states can significantly influence the oral drug absorption process by affecting blood flow and the functionality of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Various GI diseases, including conditions that alter GI motility, such as diarrhea, decreased acid secretions (achlorhydria), and infections, have been associated with reduced drug absorption.
Substances such as alcohol and specific drugs, including antineoplastics, can also negatively impact drug absorption. For instance,...
1.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pre-steady state kinetic analysis of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase for non-canonical ribonucleoside triphosphate incorporation and DNA synthesis from ribonucleoside-containing DNA template.

Antiviral research·2015
Same author

Combined lateral femoral epicondylar osteotomy and a submeniscal approach for the treatment of a tibial plateau fracture involving the posterolateral quadrant.

Injury·2014
Same author

Effects of a continuous electromagnetic field on wound healing in human airway.

The Laryngoscope·2014
Same author

Potent trypanocidal curcumin analogs bearing a monoenone linker motif act on trypanosoma brucei by forming an adduct with trypanothione.

Molecular pharmacology·2014
Same author

Kinetic variations between reverse transcriptases of viral protein X coding and noncoding lentiviruses.

Retrovirology·2014
Same author

Arctigenin Increases Hemeoxygenase-1 Gene Expression by Modulating PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Rat Primary Astrocytes.

Biomolecules & therapeutics·2014

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Analyses of Murine Intestinal Microbiota After Oral Antibiotic Treatment
08:33

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Analyses of Murine Intestinal Microbiota After Oral Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: November 17, 2018

14.2K

Gut Microbiota-Mediated Drug-Antibiotic Interactions.

Dong-Hyun Kim1

  • 1Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea dhkim@khu.ac.kr.

Drug Metabolism and Disposition: the Biological Fate of Chemicals
|May 1, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Antibiotics significantly impact xenobiotic metabolism by altering gut microbiota. This affects how the body processes drugs and phytochemicals, influencing their effectiveness and safety.

More Related Videos

Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems
06:58

Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems

Published on: August 23, 2019

7.7K
An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota
07:15

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota

Published on: July 31, 2019

10.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 13, 2026

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Analyses of Murine Intestinal Microbiota After Oral Antibiotic Treatment
08:33

Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Analyses of Murine Intestinal Microbiota After Oral Antibiotic Treatment

Published on: November 17, 2018

14.2K
Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems
06:58

Analysis of Interactions between Endobiotics and Human Gut Microbiota Using In Vitro Bath Fermentation Systems

Published on: August 23, 2019

7.7K
An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota
07:15

An In Vitro Batch-culture Model to Estimate the Effects of Interventional Regimens on Human Fecal Microbiota

Published on: July 31, 2019

10.7K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Xenobiotic metabolism is crucial for modifying drugs and phytochemicals in organisms.
  • The gut microbiota plays a key role in transforming hydrophilic compounds into absorbable hydrophobic forms.
  • This transformation yields bioactive, bioinactive, or toxic metabolites, affecting pharmacokinetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of antibiotics on xenobiotic metabolism mediated by the gut microbiota.
  • To highlight how antibiotic-induced changes in gut microbiota affect drug and phytochemical transformation.
  • To discuss the implications for systemic drug concentrations and metabolite profiles.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies examining antibiotic effects on gut microbiota and xenobiotic metabolism.
  • Analysis of mechanisms by which antibiotics influence microbial drug-metabolizing enzymes.
  • Synthesis of findings on altered pharmacokinetics and metabolite profiles due to antibiotic use.

Main Results:

  • Antibiotics suppress gut microbiota activity, reducing the transformation of orally administered drugs.
  • This suppression can lead to altered systemic concentrations of parent drugs and their metabolites.
  • The extent of antibiotic influence on xenobiotic metabolism may be greater than previously understood.

Conclusions:

  • Antibiotic treatment can profoundly affect drug and phytochemical metabolism via the gut microbiota.
  • Understanding these interactions is vital for predicting drug efficacy and toxicity.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the clinical implications of antibiotic-drug-microbiota interactions.