Duality of lipid mediators in host response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: good cop, bad cop

Lipid mediators play an important role in infection- and tissue injury-driven inflammatory responses and in the subsequent inhibition and resolution of the response. Here, we discuss recent findings that substantiate how Mycobacterium tuberculosis promotes its survival in the host by dysregulation of lipid mediator balance. By inhibiting prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and enhancing lipoxin production, M. tuberculosis induces necrotic death of the macrophage, an environment that favors its growth. These new findings provide opportunities for developing and repurposing therapeutics to modulate lipid mediator balance and enhance M. tuberculosis growth restriction.