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The term ribozyme is used for RNA that can act as an enzyme. Ribozymes are mainly found in selected viruses, bacteria, plant organelles, and lower eukaryotes. Ribozymes were first discovered in 1982 when Tom Cech’s laboratory observed Group I introns acting as enzymes. This was shortly followed by the discovery of another ribozyme, Ribonulcease P, by Sid Altman’s laboratory. Both Cech and Altman received the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1989 for their work on ribozymes.
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Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase
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Arginase: an old enzyme with new tricks.

Ruth B Caldwell1, Haroldo A Toque2, S Priya Narayanan3

  • 1Veterans Affairs Medical Center, One Freedom Way, Augusta, GA 30904, USA; Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, 1459 Laney Walker Boulevard, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.

Trends in Pharmacological Sciences
|May 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Excessive arginase activity, driven by inflammation and oxidative stress, impairs nitric oxide production and increases harmful ornithine levels, contributing to cardiovascular and nervous system diseases.

Keywords:
arginaseneurodegenerationnitric oxideoxidative stressperoxynitritepolyaminesuperoxidevascular dysfunction

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Arginase enzyme converts L-arginine into urea and ornithine.
  • Elevated arginase activity is linked to cardiovascular and nervous system dysfunction.
  • Nitric oxide (NO) production is reduced, and ornithine toxicity is increased by excessive arginase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of arginase in cardiovascular and nervous system dysfunction.
  • To discuss the pathological elevation of arginase activity and expression.
  • To explore potential therapeutic interventions targeting excess arginase.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent research on arginase.
  • Analysis of the biochemical pathways involving arginase.
  • Examination of the link between inflammatory agents, ROS, and arginase activity.

Main Results:

  • Excessive arginase activity reduces L-arginine availability for NO synthesis.
  • Increased ornithine production contributes to vascular and neural toxicity.
  • Inflammatory agents and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are identified as key drivers of elevated arginase activity.

Conclusions:

  • Arginase plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and nervous system diseases.
  • Targeting excessive arginase activity presents a potential therapeutic strategy.
  • Further research is needed to develop effective interventions for arginase-related disorders.