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Threats to Biodiversity01:50

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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Habitat fragmentation describes the division of a more extensive, continuous habitat into smaller, discontinuous areas. Human activities such as land conversion, as well as slower geological processes leading to changes in the physical environment, are the two leading causes of habitat fragmentation. The fragmentation process typically follows the same steps: perforation, dissection, fragmentation, shrinkage, and attrition.
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Climate change. Accelerating extinction risk from climate change.

Mark C Urban1

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 North Eagleville Road, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT 06269, USA. mark.urban@uconn.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Climate change extinction risks are accelerating, potentially threatening one in six species globally. Addressing climate change is crucial to prevent widespread species loss, especially in South America, Australia, and New Zealand.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Conservation Science

Background:

  • Current extinction risk predictions vary significantly based on study assumptions.
  • Climate change poses a substantial threat to global biodiversity.
  • Understanding factors influencing extinction risk is critical for conservation efforts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize published studies to estimate global mean extinction rates.
  • To identify key factors contributing uncertainty to climate change-induced extinction risks.
  • To project future extinction risks under various climate change scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic synthesis of peer-reviewed studies on climate change and extinction.
  • Analysis of geographic and taxonomic variations in extinction risk.
  • Inclusion of factors like extinction debt and dispersal capacity in risk assessments.

Main Results:

  • Extinction risks are projected to accelerate with rising global temperatures.
  • Up to one in six species may be threatened under current climate policies.
  • Highest extinction risks observed in South America, Australia, and New Zealand.
  • Taxonomic group did not significantly influence extinction risk levels.
  • Incorporating extinction debt and dispersal capacity substantially increased projected extinction risks.

Conclusions:

  • Urgent adoption of strategies to limit further climate change is necessary.
  • Failure to act will likely result in an acceleration of global extinctions.
  • Conservation planning must account for dynamic factors like extinction debt and dispersal.