A Comparison of Pressure Mapping Between Two Pressure-Reducing Methods for the Sacral Region

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Clinical Nursing
• Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

• Repositioning patients is crucial for preventing pressure injuries.
• Off-loading devices aim to reduce tissue interface pressures, particularly in the sacral region.

Purpose of the Study:

• To quantify tissue interface pressures in the sacrum, shoulder, and buttock/thigh regions.
• To compare the effectiveness of pillows versus a wedge system for sacral pressure off-loading.

Main Methods:

• Twenty-one volunteers participated in the study.
• Pressures were measured using two pressure mats in a hospital bed under three conditions: bed alone, pillows, and a wedge system.
• Testing was conducted with the head of the bed elevated at 0°, 20°, and 30°.

Main Results:

• Both pillows and the wedge system significantly reduced mean sacral pressures compared to the bed alone.
• The wedge system was more effective than pillows in reducing sacral pressures.
• Both systems led to increased pressures on the buttock/thigh regions compared to the bed alone.

Conclusions:

• While pillows and wedge systems effectively reduce sacral pressure, they increase pressure in the posterior-lateral buttock and thigh areas.
• Healthcare providers must consider the overall impact on tissue interface pressures across all body locations when selecting off-loading devices.
• Comprehensive evaluation is necessary to prevent potential tissue damage resulting from pressure redistribution.