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Related Concept Videos

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

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Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a higher temperature. When the...
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A Preclinical Model of Exertional Heat Stroke in Mice
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Temporal Variation in Heat-Mortality Associations: A Multicountry Study.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental epidemiology
  • Public health
  • Climate change adaptation

Background:

  • Previous studies suggest a decrease in heat-related mortality risk over recent decades.
  • Existing research often relies on simplified models and is geographically limited.
  • The complex relationship between temperature and mortality requires sophisticated analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess temporal variations in heat-mortality associations across multiple countries.
  • To utilize flexible modeling techniques for a comprehensive understanding of temperature-mortality relationships.
  • To analyze a large multi-country dataset for robust findings on heat-related mortality trends.

Main Methods:

  • Collected data on 20,203,690 deaths from 272 locations across Australia, Canada, Japan, South Korea, Spain, the UK, and the US (1985-2012).
  • Employed two-stage time-series models with time-varying distributed lag nonlinear models to estimate temporal variations.
  • Utilized multivariate meta-analysis to pool country-specific estimates and assess temporal changes in heat-mortality associations.

Main Results:

  • A statistically significant decrease in heat-mortality risk was observed between 1993 and 2006 in the US, Japan, and Spain.
  • Canada showed a non-significant decrease, while Australia and South Korea had insufficient statistical power for reliable temporal assessment.
  • While risk diminished for temperatures below the 99th percentile in the US, significant excess mortality persisted for extreme heat events globally.

Conclusions:

  • The relative risk of heat-related mortality has significantly decreased over time in most analyzed countries.
  • Adaptation strategies may have contributed to the observed reduction in heat-related deaths.
  • Continued monitoring and targeted interventions are necessary, especially for extreme heat events.