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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
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Dysrhythmias refers to abnormalities in the heart's rhythm. They result from disruptions in the heart's electrical conduction system, which includes the sinoatrial(SA)node, atrioventricular(AV) node, the bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.Definition and PathophysiologyDysrhythmias result from disorders of impulse formation, impulse conduction, or both. The heart contains specialized cells in the sinoatrial node, atrioventricular node, and the bundle of His and Purkinje fibers...
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Brugada Syndrome: An Electrical Storm without Warning.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Brugada Syndrome (BrS) is an inherited cardiac channelopathy.
  • It involves sodium channel dysfunction in cardiac myocytes.
  • BrS is a significant cause of sudden cardiac death, alongside coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathies.

Observation:

  • A case of a 22-year-old unmarried female with unexplained cardiac arrest is presented.
  • The patient had no prior syncope or family history of sudden cardiac death.
  • Resuscitation was delayed, leading to prolonged hypoxia and neurological sequelae, ultimately resulting in death.

Findings:

  • Brugada Syndrome should be considered in unexplained cardiac arrest cases, irrespective of family history.
  • The first episode of Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) or Ventricular Fibrillation (VF) in BrS patients can be fatal.
  • Prompt cardioversion or defibrillation is essential for survival.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering BrS in unexplained cardiac arrests.
  • Developing strategies to identify BrS patients is critical.
  • Timely intervention with defibrillation can be life-saving.