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Related Concept Videos

Frequency-dependent Selection01:21

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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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Types of Selection01:46

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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Detecting balancing selection in genomes: limits and prospects.

Anna Fijarczyk1, Wiesław Babik1

  • 1Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.

Molecular Ecology
|May 7, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Balancing selection, crucial for evolution, is hard to detect in genomes. New methods improve accuracy, but transient balancing selection may require advanced high-throughput techniques for detection.

Keywords:
balancing selectiongenetic variationgenomic scanpopulation genetics

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Population Genetics

Background:

  • Balancing selection is a key evolutionary process, but its genomic frequency and significance are poorly understood.
  • Current methods for detecting balancing selection suffer from low power and high false positive rates, questioning if it's rare or just hard to find.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current methods for identifying balancing selection in genomes.
  • To discuss the limitations of existing approaches and propose improvements for more accurate detection.

Main Methods:

  • Review of statistical approaches and genetic signatures associated with balancing selection.
  • Discussion of model-based approaches and combinations of tests for enhanced specificity.

Main Results:

  • Existing methods for detecting balancing selection have limitations, including low power and high false positive rates.
  • Improved detection can be achieved through demographic models, combined tests, appropriate sampling, and considering intralocus variation.

Conclusions:

  • Balancing selection might be ubiquitous but transient, leaving subtle genomic signatures.
  • Future research requires novel high-throughput methods beyond genomic scans to test new theories on balancing selection.