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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 13, 2026

$Comparison of Agreement and Accuracy using Binocular Wavefront Optometer with Autorefractor and Phoropter$

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Published on: September 16, 2025

Human resources for refraction services in Central Nepal.

Himal Kandel¹, G V S Murthy², Covadonga Bascaran²

¹Department of Optometry and Vision Science, Flinders University, Australia.

Clinical & Experimental Optometry

|May 7, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A shortage of 170 refractionists in Central Nepal hinders public eye health, as uncorrected refractive error remains a significant issue. Addressing this requires developing trained personnel and improving equitable distribution and community outreach for refraction services.

Keywords:

Nepal human resources refractive errors

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Last Updated: Apr 13, 2026

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Public Health
Health Workforce Research

Background:

Uncorrected refractive error is a global public health concern, particularly in Nepal.
Limited data on human resources for refraction complicates service planning.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the availability, distribution, training, and efficiency of refraction human resources in Central Nepal.
To determine current refraction service provision and unmet needs.

Main Methods:

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Central Nepal.
Refraction facilities were identified, and a random sample was selected for data collection.
Face-to-face interviews with managers and refractionists were performed using a semi-structured questionnaire.

Main Results:

Optometrists and ophthalmic assistants are the primary refraction service providers, unevenly distributed towards urban areas.
The median refractionist performs 3,600 refractions annually, with significant unmet demand.
An additional 170 refractionists are needed to address the backlog of 1,323,234 refractions.

Conclusions:

Nepal requires substantial efforts to train and develop personnel for refraction services.
Equitable distribution of refractionists, community outreach, and public awareness are crucial for improving eye health services.