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Updated: Apr 13, 2026
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Cepstral Peak Sensitivity: A Theoretic Analysis and Comparison of Several Implementations
Mark D Skowronski1, Rahul Shrivastav1, Eric J Hunter1
1Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.
Summary
Cepstral peak (CP) estimation varies significantly across software. A period-synchronous analysis with Hann windows can reduce variability in CP and cepstral peak prominence (CPP) measurements.
Area of Science:
- Acoustics and Signal Processing
- Speech Science
Background:
- Cepstral peak (CP) and cepstral peak prominence (CPP) are acoustic measures used in voice analysis.
- Variability in CP estimation can be influenced by factors beyond the voice signal itself, potentially misrepresenting voice quality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a theoretical analysis of the cepstral peak (CP).
- To compare the performance of different software programs in estimating CP.
- To propose methods for reducing variability in CP estimation.
Main Methods:
- Theoretical derivation of the CP value for a pulse train.
- Comparison of CP estimates from Hillenbrand's software, KayPENTAX Multi-Speech, and a MATLAB implementation using cepstral interpolation.
- Investigation of CP variation in synthetic breathy vowels.
Main Results:
- The theoretical CP for pulse trains is 1/2+ε/T. Significant differences in CP and CPP means and standard deviations were observed across software.
- Logistic models (R²=0.82–0.98) described the relationship between CP/CPP and signal-to-noise ratio for different estimators.
- Period-synchronous analysis with Hann windows demonstrated potential for reducing variability.
Conclusions:
- Factors unrelated to the signal significantly impact CP values, leading to variability.
- Existing software programs exhibit considerable variability in CP estimation.
- A period-synchronous analysis with Hann windows is recommended to improve the reliability of CP measurements.
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